Understanding Artificial Intelligence: From Fundamentals to Singularity
Definition of Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence
Intelligence, in its traditional sense, refers to the ability to acquire, understand, and apply knowledge; solve problems; learn from experience; and adapt to new situations. Artificial Intelligence (AI) attempts to transfer and simulate these human capabilities onto machines. AI, as a branch of computer science, aims to transfer human intelligence to formal systems by using various methods such as machine learning, neural networks, and logic to extract information from data and make decisions based on it.
Stages of AI Development
AI research distinguishes between three stages of development:
- Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI): This weak AI, specialized in specific tasks, can surpass human intelligence in certain areas. However, it lacks consciousness or understanding outside its programmed scope. Example: Apple’s Siri, designed for specific tasks like scheduling or internet searches.
- Artificial General Intelligence (AGI): AGI would be capable of performing any intellectual task that a human can. This AI would possess understanding, learning ability, and adaptability to different environments. Example: A hypothetical AGI system could solve complex mathematical problems and undertake creative tasks like writing or art.
- Artificial Superintelligence (ASI): ASI would far surpass human intelligence and could perform tasks unimaginable to humans. Example: Skynet from the Terminator franchise, a fictional representation of ASI.
Singularity The Singularity describes a hypothetical event where AI surpasses human intelligence and can improve itself, leading to uncontrollable and irreversible technological advancement.
Ethical and Safety Considerations
The development of AI, especially the advanced stages of AGI and ASI, raises significant ethical and safety questions. While ANI is already being applied in everyday life, AGI and ASI remain research goals whose realization requires careful consideration of opportunities and risks. It is essential to find a path that leverages the benefits of AI development without neglecting safety and ethical principles.